Which type of frostbite involves only the skin and subcutaneous tissue?

• A. Chilblains
• B. Deep frostbite
• C. Superficial frostbite
• D. Frost nip

Answer: (C)

Superficial frostbite is characterized by its involvement only in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. This condition occurs when the skin freezes but the underlying tissues remain unaffected. Symptoms typically include redness, numbness, tingling, and a slight swelling of the affected area, often leading to a waxy appearance of the skin.

Chilblains, while a cold-related injury, is more about the skin's reaction to cold temperatures rather than freezing. Deep frostbite goes deeper, affecting muscles, tendons, and bones, leading to more severe tissue damage and complications. Frost nip, on the other hand, is a milder form of cold injury that does not cause permanent damage and primarily affects the outer layers of the skin but does not reach the subcutaneous layers as superficial frostbite does.

In summary, the clear distinction with superficial frostbite lies in its restriction to just the outermost skin layers and the subcutaneous tissue, making it the correct answer in this context.